KNEE REPLACMENT

Knee replacement, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure that replaces damaged or worn-out parts of the knee joint with artificial components to relieve pain and restore function. It is primarily used to treat severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or traumatic injury that impairs mobility and quality of life.

Definition and Procedure

During knee replacement surgery, the orthopedic surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone from the ends of the femur (thighbone), tibia (shinbone), and sometimes the patella (kneecap). These are replaced with prosthetic components typically made of metal and medical-grade plastic, designed to mimic the natural joint surfaces and allow smooth movement. The operation usually takes 1 to 2 hours and is performed under general or spinal anesthesia.

The main steps include:

Making an incision over the knee and moving the kneecap aside
Removing damaged cartilage and bone from the femur and tibia
Positioning metal implants on the bone ends
Resurfacing the patella with a plastic component if necessary
Inserting a plastic spacer between metal parts to facilitate smooth joint motion
Closing the incision with sutures or staples

There are two common types of knee replacement:

Total knee replacement: All three joint surfaces (femur, tibia, patella) are replaced
Partial knee replacement: Only the damaged part of the knee is replaced, suitable for limited arthritis

Candidates for Knee Replacement

Ideal candidates are adults with severe knee pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility that do not improve with nonsurgical treatments like medications, physical therapy, or injections. Most patients have osteoarthritis, but rheumatoid arthritis or joint deformities may also indicate surgery. Candidates should be in good overall health and able to participate in postoperative rehabilitation.

Advantages

Significant pain relief and improved knee function
Enhanced ability to perform daily activities such as walking, climbing stairs, and standing
High success rates with prosthetic joints lasting 15-20 years or more
Improved quality of life and independence.

Risks and Disadvantages

Surgical risks including infection, blood clots, bleeding, and nerve injury
Possible complications such as implant loosening, dislocation, or wear over time
Recovery can take several months, with initial swelling and discomfort
Some patients may experience leg length differences or persistent stiffness.

Postoperative Care

Early mobilization with physical therapy to regain strength and range of motion
Use of walking aids such as crutches or walkers as recommended
Blood clot prevention through medications, compression stockings, and leg exercises
Wound care and monitoring for signs of infection
Gradual return to normal activities over weeks to months

Age Group

Knee replacement is most commonly performed in adults aged 60 and older, though younger patients with severe joint damage may also be candidates. The decision depends on symptom severity, overall health, and lifestyle needs.

Knee Replacement and Medical Tourism

Due to the high cost of knee replacement surgery in many Western countries, medical tourism has become an attractive option for patients seeking affordable, high-quality care. Countries such as Turkey, India, Thailand, and Mexico have emerged as popular destinations offering experienced orthopedic surgeons, modern facilities, and comprehensive patient services at significantly lower prices. These countries provide packages that include surgery, accommodation, transportation, and postoperative care, making the process convenient and cost-effective for international patients.

For example, knee replacement surgery in the United States can cost upwards of $40,000, whereas in medical tourism hubs like Turkey or India, prices may be a fraction of that without compromising quality. This affordability combined with skilled surgeons and advanced technology attracts many patients worldwide].

In summary, knee replacement surgery is a well-established, effective treatment for severe knee joint damage, offering pain relief and restored mobility. Suitable candidates are adults with persistent symptoms unresponsive to conservative care. While the surgery involves risks and requires rehabilitation, outcomes are generally excellent. Medical tourism for knee replacement is growing, with countries like Turkey and India providing accessible, high-quality surgical care that appeals to international patients seeking affordable options.

Sources:

Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins Medicine, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), Cleveland Clinic, MedlinePlus, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), NHS UK, WebMD